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Mohamed Bazoum is a Nigerien politician who has served in the government of Niger as Minister of State at the Presidency since 2015. Previously he was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 1996 and again from 2011 to 2015. He is the President of the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS-Tarayya). ==Political career== Bazoum served as Secretary of State for Cooperation under the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation in the transitional government of Prime Minister Amadou Cheiffou from 1991 to 1993.〔("GOUVERNEMENTS DE LA TRANSITION DE CHEFFOU AMADOU" ), Nigerien presidency website .〕〔("DE L’ART D’UTILISER LES DETTES" ), ''L'Humanite'', September 26, 1992 .〕 He was elected to the National Assembly from the special constituency of Tesker as the PNDS candidate in a special election held on April 11, 1993; this followed the cancellation of the initial election in Tesker, held in February.〔( "Afrique de l'Ouest - Niger - Cour suprême - 1993 - Arrêt no 93-12/cc du 20 avril 1993" ), droit.francophonie.org .〕 After the January 1995 parliamentary election, which was won by an opposition coalition of the National Movement for the Development of Society (MNSD) and the PNDS, Bazoum became Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation in the government of Prime Minister Hama Amadou, named on February 25, 1995.〔("GOUVERNEMENTS DU PRESIDENT MAHAMANE OUSMANE" ), official web site of the Nigerien presidency .〕 He was initially reappointed to that post after Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara seized power in a military coup on January 27, 1996, but he was replaced in the government named on May 5, 1996.〔("GOUVERNEMENTS DU PRESIDENT IBRAHIM MAINASSARA BARRE" ), official website of the Nigerien presidency .〕 The PNDS opposed Maïnassara, and on July 26, 1996, Bazoum was placed under house arrest along with PNDS President Mahamadou Issoufou, a few weeks after the 1996 presidential election. He and Issoufou were released on the orders of a judge on August 12, 1996.〔("Niger: A major step backwards" ), Amnesty International, 16 October 1996.〕 Bazoum was arrested along with two other major opposition politicians, including MNSD Secretary-General Hama Amadou, in early January 1998, for allegedly participating in a plot to assassinate Maïnassara.〔André Salifou, ("Evolution du processus démocratique nigérien de 1991 à 1999" ), democratie.francophonie.org .〕〔("Niger Police arrest three opposition leaders" ), ''BBC News Online'', January 3, 1998.〕〔("U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 1998 - Niger" ), UNHCR.org, 26 February 1999.〕 He was never charged and was released a week after his arrest.〔 At the Fourth Ordinary Congress of the PNDS, held on 4–5 September 2011, Bazoum was elected as its Vice-President.〔("Comité Exécutif National issu du 4ème Congrès Ordinaire, Niamey du 04 au 05 Septembre 2004" ), PNDS website .〕 Bazoum was again elected to the National Assembly in the December 2004 parliamentary election,〔(List of deputies in the National Assembly ), National Assembly web site (2005 archive) .〕 and during the parliamentary term that followed he was Third Vice-President of the National Assembly〔(Page at the official website of the National Assembly of Niger ) .〕 and Vice-President of the PNDS Parliamentary Group.〔(Page on parliamentary groups ) at the official website of the National Assembly of Niger .〕 Bazoum was one of 14 deputies who filed a censure motion against Prime Minister Hama Amadou on May 26, 2007;〔("Assemblée nationale Débats et vote d’une motion de censure contre le gouvernement aujourd’hui" ), ''Sahel Quotidien'', May 28, 2007 .〕 Amadou's government was defeated in the subsequent no-confidence vote on May 31, and Bazoum praised "maturity of the political class of Niger that has just put an end to the mandate of the team which specialised in the predation of public funds."〔("Niger government falls after a "no confidence" vote" ), African Press Agency, May 31, 2007.〕 After urging the people to boycott the August 2009 constitutional referendum, Bazoum was briefly detained and questioned for two hours on 14 July 2009.〔Peter Clottey, ("Niger Opposition Leader Briefly Arrested" ), VOA News, 15 July 2009.〕 Bazoum was re-elected as PNDS Vice-President at the party's Fifth Ordinary Congress, held on 18 July 2009.〔("Comité Exécutif National issu du 5ème Congrès Ordinaire tenu à Niamey le 18 Juillet 2009" ), PNDS website .〕 Following the success of the referendum, he characterized it as a "coup d'etat" and said that the October 2009 parliamentary election was an "electoral farce" intended merely to add a "democratic polish".〔Boureima Hama, ("Niger pushes ahead with polls" ), Sapa-AFP (''IOL''), 19 October 2009.〕 President Mamadou Tandja was ousted by a military coup on 18 February 2010. Bazoum said on the occasion that "this is exactly what we were afraid of, a military resolution. Tandja could have avoided this."〔Adam Nossiter, ("Soldiers Storm Presidential Palace in Niger" ), ''The New York Times'', 18 February 2010.〕 As one of the leading members of the Coordination of Democratic Forces for the Republic (CFDR), an opposition coalition, he said on 23 February that the CFDR wanted Tandja to be put on trial for high treason because he had abrogated the 1999 constitution in his efforts to remain in power. According to Bazoum, such a trial was necessary to deter future leaders from pursuing a similar course. He said that the junta should hold Tandja until "democratic institutions" were in place, and then Tandja should be tried, although he also said that he felt the death penalty would be unnecessary.〔Peter Clottey, ("Niger Opposition Leader Says Ex-President Tandja Should Face Treason Charges" ), VOA News, 23 February 2010.〕 After Mahamadou Issoufou won the January–March 2011 presidential election, he stepped down as PNDS President in March 2011, prior to his swearing-in, in accordance with the requirement that the head of state not participate in partisan politics; Bazoum took over as Acting President of the PNDS.〔Souleymane Lamine, ("Mahamadou Issoufou quitte son poste de président du PNDS-Tarayya" ), Medianiger website, 22 March 2011 .〕 Issoufou took office as President of Niger on 7 April 2011, and Bazoum was appointed to the government as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Cooperation, African Integration, and Nigeriens Abroad on 21 April 2011.〔("Niger unveils new government" ), AFP, 21 April 2011.〕〔("Le Chef de l'Etat signe un décret portant composition des membres du premier gouvernement de la 7ème République" ), ''Le Sahel'', 23 April 2011 .〕 Bazoum was moved to the post of Minister of State at the Presidency on 25 February 2015.〔("Remaniement ministériel : Bazoum Mohamed cède son fauteuil à Kane Aichatou Boulama" ), ActuNiger, 25 February 2015 .〕〔("Bazoum back to basics at PNDS party" ), ''West Africa Newsletter'', number 701, 4 March 2015.〕 The move was viewed as allowing Bazoum to focus on leading the PNDS in anticipation of Issoufou's bid for re-election in 2016.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mohamed Bazoum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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